The characteristics, differences and uses of the fourteen types of bearings

Bearings are divided into radial bearings and thrust bearings according to the nominal contact angle of the bearing direction.

According to the type of rolling element, it is divided into: ball bearing and roller bearing.
According to whether it can be adjusted, it is divided into: self-aligning bearings, non-aligning bearings (rigid bearings).
According to the number of rows of rolling elements, they are divided into: single row bearings, double row bearings, and multiple row bearings.
According to whether the components can be separated, they are divided into: separable bearings and non-separable bearings.

In addition, it can be classified according to the size of the structure.

I will show you the characteristics, differences and uses of 14 common bearings.

1. Angular contact ball bearings

There is a contact angle between the ring and the ball. The standard contact angles are 15°, 30° and 40°. The larger the contact angle, the greater the axial load level. The smaller the contact angle, the better for high-speed operation. Single row bearings It can carry radial load and unidirectional axial load. The two single row angular contact ball bearings combined on the back of the structure use the inner ring and the outer ring together, which can carry radial load and bidirectional axial load.

Application areas:

Single row: machine tool spindle, high-frequency motor, gas turbine, centrifugal separator, front wheel of small car, differential pinion shaft.

Double rows: oil pumps, roots blowers, air compressors, various transmissions, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery.

2. Self-aligning ball bearings

Double-row steel balls, the outer ring raceway is inner spherical, so it can adjust the axis misalignment caused by the deflection or misalignment of the shaft or housing. The tapered bore bearing can be easily installed on the shaft according to the use of fasteners. It is to bear radial load.

Application areas: woodworking machinery, textile machinery transmission shafts, vertical self-aligning bearings with seat.

3. Spherical roller bearings

This type of bearing is equipped with spherical rollers between the outer ring of the spherical raceway and the inner ring of the double raceway. According to the difference in internal structure, they are divided into four types: R, RH, RHA and SR, because of the arc center point of the outer ring raceway Same as the center point of the bearing, it has the characteristics of self-aligning, so it can automatically adjust the axis misalignment caused by the deflection of the shaft or housing or the difference center, and can carry radial load and bidirectional axial load.

Application areas: papermaking machinery, reduction gears, railway vehicle axles, rolling mill gearbox seats, rolling mill roller tables, crushers, vibrating screens, printing machinery, woodworking machinery, various industrial reducers, vertical self-aligning bearings with seats .

4. thrust spherical roller bearings

In this type of bearing, the spherical rollers are arranged obliquely. Because the raceway surface of the raceway is spherical and has self-aligning performance, it can allow the shaft to have a certain degree of inclination, and the axial load capacity is very large. Radial load, oil lubrication is usually used when in use.

Application areas: hydroelectric generators, vertical motors, propeller shafts for ships, reducers for rolling screws of rolling mills, tower cranes, coal mills, extruders, and forming machines.

5.tapered roller bearings

Tapered Roller Bearings are assembled with truncated cone-shaped rollers, the rollers are guided by the large ribs of the inner ring, and the vertices of the conical surfaces of the inner ring raceway surface, outer ring raceway surface and roller rolling surface are designed to cross the center line of the bearing. On the point. Single-row bearings can carry radial loads and unidirectional axial loads, and double-row bearings can carry radial loads and bidirectional axial loads, and are mainly used to carry heavy loads and shock loads.

Application areas: Automobiles: front wheels, rear wheels, transmissions, differential pinion shafts. Machine tool spindles, construction machinery, large agricultural machinery, railway vehicle gear reduction devices, rolling mill roll necks and reduction devices.

6.Deep groove ball bearings

From the structural point of view, each ring of a deep groove ball bearing has a continuous groove raceway with a cross section that is approximately 1/3 of the equatorial circumference of the ball. Deep groove ball bearings are mainly used to bear radial load, but also can bear certain axial load.

When the radial clearance of the bearing increases, it has the properties of an angular contact ball bearing and can withstand alternating axial loads in two directions. Compared with other types of bearings of the same size, this type of bearing has a small friction coefficient, high limit speed, and high precision. It is the preferred bearing type for users when selecting models.

Application areas: automobiles, tractors, machine tools, motors, water pumps, agricultural machinery, textile machinery, etc.

7. thrust ball bearings

It consists of a washer-shaped raceway ring with a raceway, a ball and a cage assembly. The raceway ring matched with the shaft is called the shaft washer, and the raceway ring matched with the housing is called the seat ring. The two-way bearing is matched with the secret shaft of the middle ring. The one-way bearing can bear one-way axial load, and the two-way bearing can bear two-way axial load (neither can bear radial load).

Application areas: automobile steering pins, machine tool spindles.

8. Thrust roller bearings

Thrust roller bearings are used as the main shaft bearing axial load, combined longitudinal load, but the longitudinal load cannot exceed 55% of the axial load. Compared with other thrust roller bearings, this type of bearing has a lower friction factor, a higher rotation speed, and has the ability to adjust the center. The rollers of type 29000 bearings are asymmetrical spherical rollers, which can reduce the relative sliding of the stick and raceway during work. The rollers are long and large in diameter, and the number of rollers is large. The load capacity is large. Generally, oil lubrication is used, and some low speed The situation can be lubricated with grease.

Application areas: hydroelectric generators, crane hooks.

9. Cylindrical roller bearings

The rollers of cylindrical roller bearings are usually guided by the two ribs of a bearing ring. The cage roller and the indexing ring form an assembly that can be separated from the other bearing ring and is a separable bearing.

This type of bearing is more convenient to install and disassemble, especially when the inner and outer rings, the shaft, and the shell are required to be interference fit. This type of bearing is usually only used to bear radial load. Only single row bearings with ribs on the inner and outer rings can bear small steady axial loads or large intermittent axial loads.

Application areas: large motors, machine tool spindles, axle boxes, diesel engine crankshafts, automobiles, gearboxes to keep in mind, etc.

10. Four-point contact ball bearings

It can carry radial load and two-way axial load. A single bearing can replace the angular contact ball bearing with front combination or back combination. It is more suitable for carrying pure axial load or synthetic load with relatively large axial load component. This type of bearing can carry any One of the contact angles can be generated when the axial load is in the direction, so the ferrule and the ball are always in contact with three points on both sides of any contact line.

Application areas: aircraft jet engines, gas turbines.

11. Thrust cylindrical roller bearings

It is composed of washer-shaped raceway ring (shaft washer, seat washer), cylindrical roller and cage assembly. Cylindrical rollers are produced and processed with convex surfaces, so the pressure distribution between the roller and the raceway surface is symmetrical, which can bear unidirectional axial load, with large axial load capacity and strong axial rigidity.

Application areas: oil drilling rigs, iron and steel machinery.

12. Thrust needle roller bearings

Separate bearings are composed of raceway rings, needle rollers and cage components, and can be combined arbitrarily with stamped thin raceway rings or cut thick raceway rings. Non-separable bearings are integral bearings composed of raceway rings, needle rollers and cage components that are processed by precision stamping. They can carry unidirectional axial loads. This type of bearing occupies a small space and is beneficial to the compact design of the machine. Most only use needle roller and cage components, and use the assembly surface of the shaft and housing as the raceway surface.

Application fields: variable speed devices for automobiles, tillers, machine tools, etc.

13. Thrust tapered roller bearings

This type of bearing is equipped with truncated cone-shaped rollers (the big end is a spherical surface), and the rollers are accurately guided by the ribs of the raceway ring (shaft washer, seat ring), and the design makes the raceway surface of the shaft and seat ring and roller roll The vertices of each conical surface of the surface intersect at a point on the center line of the bearing. The one-way bearing can carry one-way axial load, and the two-way bearing can carry two-way axial load.

Application field

One-way: crane hook, oil rig swivel.

Two-way: Rolling mill roll neck.

14. Outer spherical ball bearing with seat

The outer spherical ball bearing with seat consists of an outer spherical ball bearing with seals on both sides and a cast (or stamped steel plate) bearing seat. The internal structure of the outer spherical ball bearing is the same as that of the deep groove ball bearing, but the inner ring of this type of bearing is wider than the outer ring, and the outer ring has a truncated spherical outer surface, which can be automatically aligned with the concave spherical surface of the bearing seat. Application fields: mining, metallurgy, agriculture, chemical industry, textile, printing and dyeing. Conveying machinery, etc.